Libyan Medical Journal

The Relationship between Academic Stress and Selected Physiological Parameters among Undergraduate Medical Students at Tobruk Medical University, Libya

Rudhuway Mtawil — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Academic stress is common among university students and is theorised, through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, to influence cardiovascular and metabolic parameters [1–3]. To examine the relationship between self-reported academic stress and heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 121 university students. Academic stress was scored on a continuous scale and additionally categorised into low, moderate, and high stress groups. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and BMI were recorded for each participant. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess normality of distribution; as all variables deviated significantly from normality, Spearman’s rank correlation and the Kruskal–Wallis H test were used, with Mann–Whitney U post-hoc comparisons (Bonferroni-corrected) where indicated. Academic stress score correlated significantly and negatively with both blood pressure readings (ρ = −0.568 and −0.474, both p < 0.001), and the high-stress group had significantly lower blood pressure than the low- and moderate-stress groups (all p < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected). No significant associations were found between academic stress and heart rate, respiratory rate, or BMI (all p > 0.05). In this sample, higher self-reported academic stress was associated with lower rather than higher blood pressure, while heart rate, respiratory rate, and BMI showed no significant relationship with stress level. These findings, which run counter to the classical acute sympathetic stress response, are discussed in relation to the chronic and self-reported nature of the stress measure used and the cross-sectional design of the study.

Childhood Maltreatment Effects on the Serotonin Transporter Gene and Its Relation to Anxiety and Depression

Mohamed Alwash, Ahmed Alsharksi, Abdalla Ali — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Childhood maltreatment is a major public health concern and represents one of the strongest environmental risk factors associated with the development of psychological disorders, including depression and anxiety. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic susceptibility may influence individual responses to adverse childhood experiences. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) contains a functional length polymorphism in its promoter region, known as 5-HTTLPR, which affects serotonin transporter expression and has been implicated in emotional regulation, stress response, anxiety, and depression, particularly among individuals exposed to childhood adversity. This study aimed to investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and symptoms of depression and anxiety among young adults. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between childhood maltreatment and family-related factors, including parental marital status and socioeconomic and educational conditions during childhood, within the context of genetic vulnerability associated with the serotonin transporter system. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 65 randomly selected participants (30 males and 35 females) aged 20–30 years in Misurata, Libya, from 21 June to 6 July 2023. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire to assess the severity of childhood maltreatment. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and anxiety symptoms were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Associations between childhood maltreatment, psychological outcomes, and demographic variables were analyzed. Childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety among participants. However, no significant association was observed between childhood maltreatment and parental marital status or the family's educational and economic status during childhood. Childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in young adults. These findings support the importance of considering both environmental adversity and genetic susceptibility factors, including serotonin transporter gene variation (5-HTTLPR), in understanding individual differences in vulnerability to stress-related psychological disorders.

Comparison between Ciprofloxacin and Amoxycillin /Clavulanic Acid in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Cases of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Mohamed ELShultamy, Huda El Atrash, Hajar Farkash, Hamza Bohurira — Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a persistent middle ear infection associated with significant morbidity and hearing loss, particularly in low-resource settings. Its management commonly involves the use of topical or systemic antibiotics, among which ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are widely prescribed. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy, follow-up behavior, and adverse effect profiles of ciprofloxacin versus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of CSOM. A comparative observational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with CSOM. Participants were assigned to two treatment groups: Group A received ciprofloxacin, and Group B received amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Ciprofloxacin showed superior clinical efficacy with a higher complete cure rate (33.3%) and no treatment failures, compared to an 18.3% cure rate and 8.3% failure rate in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group (P = 0.030). Patients in the ciprofloxacin group also returned for follow-up significantly earlier, indicating faster symptomatic relief. Adverse effects were more frequent and severe in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group (P = 0.003); ciprofloxacin was better tolerated overall. At baseline, both groups had comparable symptom severity (p = 0.500). By day 14, ciprofloxacin demonstrated significantly greater clinical improvement, with 76.7% of patients achieving low symptom scores (0–2) compared to 43.3% in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group (p = 0.004). Ciprofloxacin demonstrated better clinical effectiveness, faster improvement, and fewer side effects compared to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, making it a more favorable systemic treatment for CSOM.