Libyan Medical Journal

Amyand's Hernia: A Case Report

Ahmed Albujdidi, Tarik Abulhul — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

An Amyand's hernia is a rare type of inguinal hernia in which the appendix is trapped within the hernial sac. It is named after Claudius Amyand, a French surgeon who performed the first successful appendectomy in 1735 on a patient with an Amyand's hernia. In this case report, we highlight a rare case that contributes less than 1% of all inguinal hernias and how it should be managed by the surgeon. As surgeons, we should expect even the rarest cases, although this condition may remain asymptomatic and behave like a normal inguinal hernia. As a result, this type of hernia is most of the times diagnosed during the procedure management of this type of hernia should be individualized according to the appendix's inflammation stage.

فتق أمياند هو نوع نادر من الفتق الإربي، حيث تكون الزائدة الدودية محصورة داخل كيس الفتق. سُمي هذا النوع تيمنًا بكلوديوس أمياند، الجراح الفرنسي الذي أجرى أول عملية استئصال ناجحة للزائدة الدودية عام 1735 لمريضة مصابة بفتق أمياند. في تقرير الحالة هذا، نسلط الضوء على حالة نادرة تُمثل أقل من ١٪ من جميع حالات الفتق الإربي، وكيفية إدارتها من قبل الجراح. بصفتنا جراحين، يجب أن نتوقع حتى الحالات النادرة، على الرغم من أن هذه الحالة قد تبقى بدون أعراض وتتصرف مثل الفتق الإربي الطبيعي. ونتيجة لذلك، غالبًا ما يتم تشخيص هذا النوع من الفتق أثناء العملية الجراحية. يجب أن يُخصص علاج هذا النوع من الفتق لكل حالة على حدة وفقًا لمرحلة التهاب الزائدة الدودية

Open Heminephrectomy in Unilateral Duplex Collecting System: A Case Report

Alaa Emtir, Abdussalam Muftah, Tarik Abulhul — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A duplicated collecting system, characterized by the presence of two separate pelvicalyceal systems within a single kidney, is a rare congenital anomaly. Surgical intervention, such as open heminephrectomy, is often required in cases where complications arise, including recurrent infections, significant obstruction, or reflux. We report the case of a 29-year-old female who presented with recurrent urinary tract infections and flank pain with reflux. Imaging studies revealed a duplicated collecting system on the right side with significantly poor functioning upper moiety while preserving the healthy lower moiety. The patient tolerated the procedure well, with no intraoperative complications. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up imaging confirmed the successful removal of the affected renal segment. The patient remained symptom-free at the two-month follow-up. Open heminephrectomy remains a viable surgical option for managing a symptomatic duplicated collecting system.

يُعدّ ازدواج نظام التجميع، الذي يتميز بوجود نظامين منفصلين للكلية الحوضية داخل كلية واحدة، عيبًا خلقيًا نادرًا. غالبًا ما يكون التدخل الجراحي، مثل استئصال نصف الكلية المفتوح، ضروريًا في الحالات التي تظهر فيها مضاعفات، بما في ذلك الالتهابات المتكررة أو الانسداد الشديد أو الارتجاع. نُبلغ عن حالة امرأة تبلغ من العمر 29 عامًا عانت من التهابات متكررة في المسالك البولية وألم في الخاصرة مع ارتجاع. كشفت دراسات التصوير عن وجود نظام تجميع مكرر على الجانب الأيمن مع ضعف كبير في أداء الجزء العلوي مع الحفاظ على سلامة الجزء السفلي. تحمّلت المريضة الإجراء جيدًا، دون أي مضاعفات أثناء الجراحة. كان التعافي بعد الجراحة هادئًا، وأكدت صور المتابعة نجاح إزالة الجزء الكلوي المصاب. ظلت المريضة خالية من الأعراض في فترة المتابعة التي استمرت شهرين. يظل استئصال نصف الكلية المفتوح خيارًا جراحيًا فعالًا لإدارة نظام التجميع المكرر المصحوب بأعراض

Bilateral Vesicoureteral Junction Obstruction: A Case Report

Alaa Emtir, Abdussalam Muftah, Tarik Abulhul — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Bilateral Vesicoureteral Junction obstruction (VUJO) is a rare urological condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage at the junction where the ureters meet the bladder, affecting both sides. This obstruction impedes the normal flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder, leading to a buildup of hydroureteronephrosis. The condition can be congenital, often detected prenatally through ultrasound, or acquired due to factors such as scar tissue, infection, or kidney stones. Symptoms may include flank pain, urinary tract infections, hematuria, and in severe cases, impaired renal function. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as renal bladder ultrasound, and mismanagement of bilateral VUJ obstruction aims to preserve renal function and alleviate symptoms. Treatment options range from conservative management with regular monitoring to surgical interventions like ureteral reimplantation, depending on the severity of the obstruction and the degree of renal impairment. We report a case of 3 years 3-year-old female who complains of recurrent pyelonephritis. Imaging studies revealed bilateral VUJO with bilateral megaureter and hydronephrosis. ureteroneocystostomy done. The patient tolerated the procedure well, with no intraoperative complications. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up imaging confirmed the successful removal of the affected ureteral segment. Ureteroneocystostomy surgery is a viable surgical option for managing symptomatic VUJO.

انسداد الوصلة المثانية الحالبية الثنائية هو حالة بولية نادرة تتميز بتضيق أو انسداد عند نقطة التقاء الحالبين بالمثانة، مما يؤثر على كلا الجانبين. يعيق هذا الانسداد التدفق الطبيعي للبول من الكلى إلى المثانة، مما يؤدي إلى تراكم استسقاء الحالب والكلية. قد تكون هذه الحالة خلقية، وغالبًا ما تُكتشف قبل الولادة بالموجات فوق الصوتية، أو مكتسبة بسبب عوامل مثل النسيج الندبي أو العدوى أو حصوات الكلى. قد تشمل الأعراض ألمًا في الخاصرة، والتهابات المسالك البولية، وبيلة دموية، وفي الحالات الشديدة، ضعف وظائف الكلى. يتضمن التشخيص عادةً فحوصات تصويرية مثل الموجات فوق الصوتية للمثانة الكلوية، ويهدف سوء إدارة انسداد الوصلة المثانية الحالبية الثنائية إلى الحفاظ على وظائف الكلى وتخفيف الأعراض. تتراوح خيارات العلاج بين العلاج المحافظ مع المراقبة المنتظمة والتدخلات الجراحية مثل إعادة زرع الحالب، وذلك حسب شدة الانسداد ودرجة ضعف وظائف الكلى. نُبلغ عن حالة طفلة تبلغ من العمر 3 سنوات تشكو من التهاب الحويضة والكلية المتكرر. أظهرت دراسات التصوير وجود تضخم حالبي ثنائي مع تضخم حالبي ثنائي واستسقاء كلوي. أُجريت عملية استئصال كيس الحالب والبول. تحمل المريض الإجراء جيدًا، دون أي مضاعفات أثناء الجراحة. كان التعافي بعد الجراحة سلسًا، وأكدت صور المتابعة نجاح إزالة الجزء الحالبي المصاب. تُعد جراحة استئصال كيس الحالب والبول خيارًا جراحيًا فعالًا لإدارة حالات تضخم الحالب والبول المصحوبة بأعراض انسداد الوصلة المثانية الحالبية الثنائية

Psychological Factors and Their Influence on Neck Disability

Hisham Abodreheiba, Munir Krifa, Retaj Eldrogy — Wed, 09 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to investigate the psychological factors that influence neck disability. By understanding the relationship between psychological aspects and neck pain, the study seeks to identify how mental health, stress, anxiety, and depression contribute to the severity and persistence of neck disability. This survey-based study was conducted online from December 10 to 16, 2024, involving 181 students from universities and institutes in the West Bank of Libya. Data collection occurred via social media using Microsoft Forms. Of the 181 participants, 96 reported experiencing neck pain, and 85 were excluded from the analysis. The study employed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the DASS-21 questionnaires, with the remaining data analyzed using SPSS to explore the relationships between neck disability, psychological factors, and demographic variables. Result: This study examines the relationship between neck pain severity, disability, and mental health among predominantly physiotherapy specialists (29%) and younger individuals (51% aged 18-24). Findings show that 54% experience neck pain, with 21% reporting disability. Males have significantly higher anxiety levels (mean = 3.17, p < 0.05). Pain severity correlates positively with depression (r = 0.309), anxiety (r = 0.398), and stress (r = 0.375). Notably, early psychological support is essential for those with moderate pain to mitigate worsening depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: This study highlights the strong link between neck pain severity, disability, and mental health, particularly among physiotherapy specialists and younger individuals. Increased pain correlates with elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, with males showing significantly higher anxiety. The findings emphasize the urgent need for early psychological interventions for those with moderate pain to prevent worsening mental health outcomes. Addressing both physical and psychological factors is crucial for effective neck pain management and improving overall mental well-being in affected individuals.

A Study of Obese and Non-Obese University Students’ Blood Glucose Levels in Tripoli, Libya

Abdulwahb Al-Deib , Seham Eljali, Asmaa Rhuoma, Nasib Kashkosha, Suroor Juduor — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Libya, obesity and its associated conditions, such as diabetes, are serious health issues. Early identification of those who are obese may reduce the risk of developing T2DM. Thus, this study aimed to compare measurements of fasting blood glucose (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in obese or overweight and non-obese University of Tripoli students. The study included 53 obese and overweight students with a BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 and 64 non-obese who had a BMI less than 25 kg/m2. To measure the level of FBS and HbA1c, 4 ml of venous blood was drawn from each subject in the University Infirmary. The samples were transferred to the Tajoura Alwasat laboratory, and both the plasma blood level and HbA1c were measured using an automatic device, COBAS INTEGRA 400 plus. There were no significant differences obtained in blood glucose either in FBS or in HbA1c levels between obese or overweight and non-obese students (p>0.05). However, a strong positive correlation was obtained between HbA1c levels for both waist circumference and waist/hip ratio in the obese or overweight group [r=0.322, P=0.023] and [r=0.316, P=0.025], respectively. The incidence of T2DM might be diminished by encouraging young adults to keep both waist circumference and waist/hip ratio in the normal range

The Impact of Metformin Therapy on Liver and Kidney Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Study Between Men and Women in Al-Bayda City

Asmaa Salih, Ahlam Amharib, Fayrouz Khaled, Asma Alsba — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of metformin therapy on fasting blood sugar (FBS), renal function (urea and creatinine), and liver function (GOT, GPT, and ALP) in male and female type 2 diabetic patients. FBS levels, while numerically lower in females (106.8 ± 9.7 mg/dL) compared to males (119.7 ± 19 mg/dL), showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.561), suggesting similar glycemic control across genders. Renal function assessment revealed significantly higher urea levels in males (37.40 ± 9.91 mg/dL) than in females (29.37 ± 5.02 mg/dL, p = 0.041), potentially indicating subtle gender-specific differences in renal function or protein metabolism. Similarly, creatinine levels were significantly higher in males (0.950 ± 0.158 mg/dL) compared to females (0.73 ± 0.1636 mg/dL, p = 0.007), suggesting the need for closer renal monitoring in male patients. Liver function parameters, including GOT, GPT, and ALP, revealed no statistically significant differences between genders. Although males exhibited higher mean values of GOT (40.0 ± 74.2 U/L) and GPT (31.0 ± 18.05 U/L) compared to females (20.3 ± 8.60 U/L and 18.37 ± 8.77 U/L, respectively), the differences did not reach significance (p = 0.415 and p = 0.062). ALP levels were nearly identical between genders (p = 0.696), indicating no gender-based variations in biliary or bone metabolism. In conclusion, metformin therapy demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety in managing glycemic and hepatic parameters in both genders. However, higher renal biomarkers in males highlight the importance of gender-specific monitoring. Further studies are recommended to explore these trends with larger cohorts.

Anterior Teeth Fluorosis: Insights and Concepts about Prevalence, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prevention

Amina Almahrog, Ashraf Attia, Jbireal J M — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of enamel caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth formation, particularly between the ages of 20 to 36 months. This condition manifests primarily as aesthetic alterations, especially in anterior teeth, ranging from mild white striations to severe brown stains and enamel pitting. Fluoride, found naturally in water and various food sources, becomes harmful when ingested in excess, particularly in regions with high natural fluoride levels, such as parts of Pakistan. The severity of dental fluorosis depends on several factors, including fluoride concentration, duration of exposure, nutritional status, and genetic predisposition. The pathophysiology involves disrupted ameloblast function and altered calcium signaling, often resulting in porous, hypo-mineralized enamel. Despite fluoride’s well-documented benefits in caries prevention, its excessive intake has been epidemiologically linked to increased fluorosis prevalence. Accurate diagnosis involves clinical examination and consideration of systemic fluoride history. Preventive strategies include controlling fluoride exposure in early childhood, particularly through safe water consumption and appropriate use of fluoridated products. Current treatment is largely aesthetic, involving procedures like micro-abrasion and bleaching. Future research is needed to further understand the molecular mechanisms of fluorosis and explore novel prevention and therapeutic approaches.

Exploring the Hematological Risks of Diclofenac Sodium: An Experi-mental Study in Wistar Rats

Narmin Elbouri, Nairuz Alsherif, Safa Elbadri, Salma Mohamed — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research study investigated hematological alterations associated with diclofenac sodium injection intraperitoneally at a dosage of 15 mg/kg for six weeks in male Albino Wistar rats. Twelve Albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly: a control group and a diclofenac group, six rats in each group. Blood samples were taken from all rats at the end of the ex-periment, and a hematological evaluation was performed to measure red blood cell indices, white blood cell counts, and platelet indices. Results show a statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cell counts, and hematocrit values in rats that received diclofenac compared to controls, indicating that anemia was potentially developed by the diclofenac treatment. Statistically significant increases in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and red cell distribution width (RDW) were found, which indicate macrocytic and anisocytic anemias. Though there was no statistically significant difference in total white blood cell counts, there was a distinct change in differential counts consistent with increased neu-trophil percentages and lower levels of lymphocytes, suggesting inflammato-ry or stress-type activity. The platelet count and mean platelet volume were unchanged, but there was reduced platelet distribution width (PDW) and increased plateletcrit (PCT), suggesting possible changes to platelet turnover or activation. These reports indicated that chronic exposure to diclofenac sodium may induce haematotoxicity characterized by anaemia, immune modulation, and changes to platelet parameters. The study highlights the need to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cautiously because they have potential systemic impacts on blood profiles.

Insulin Pump Therapy in Libya: A Comparative Study on Glycemic Control and Patient Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes

Khalid Milad, Shahir Ghiath, Mohmmed Sehaib — Wed, 07 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily injections (MDI) in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among Libyan patients. Conducted in June 2022, the comparative cross-sectional study compared 32 CSII users (≥6 months therapy) with 30 MDI controls through structured questionnaires. The CSII group demonstrated significantly better outcomes, including superior glycemic control (mean HbA1c 6.97±0.61 vs 9.8±1.99), reduced acute complications (hypoglycemia: 31.3% vs 50%; DKA: 3.1% vs 20%), and higher treatment adherence (81.3% vs 43.3%). Glycemic improvement correlated strongly with pump duration, showing progressive HbA1c reduction from 7.2±0.2 at 6-12 months to 6.89±0.16 after >2 years of use. The CSII cohort also exhibited more favorable BMI distributions (78.1% healthy weight vs 33.3%) and reported enhanced quality of life. Despite these benefits, challenges in maintenance supply availability were reported. These findings provide compelling evidence for CSII's clinical superiority in Libya's context and support its wider implementation through national programs that address current supply chain limitations while ensuring proper patient training and follow-up support. The results highlight CSII as a valuable therapeutic advancement for T1DM management in resource-constrained settings

Risk Factors of Early Menopause: A Descriptive Study

Nagwa Ali, Namat Abid, Maha Alzergany, Amel Morgham, Aymen Elharatie — Thu, 08 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Menopause is an inevitable physical change experienced by women during the aging process. As the production of female hormones decreases and ovulation stops alongside the aging of the ovaries, regular menstruation disappears. Although menopause itself is not a pathological condition, menopausal transition is accompanied by negative physical changes. With the increase in life expectancy, the proportion of postmenopausal life also increases. Thus, the impact of menopause on women’s health has become more significant from both clinical and health perspectives. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with early menopause in women in Tripoli. This was a retrospective case series study; it was conducted in Aljala maternity hospital, Tripoli, Libya, during the year 2017. Three hundred and thirty women who were diagnosed as cases of early menopause were randomly selected from the hospital files and from interviews with the women who attend the gynecology clinic. The following data were obtained from the files and the women: the age of menarche, menstrual cycle, marital state, education level, working status, smoking, parity, history of oral contraceptive, BMI, and history of pelvic surgery. Regarding the age of menarche, the mean age of menarche was 12 ± 1.14 years. The majority of the women had their menarche at age below 13 years (70.3%). Most of the women in the study had regular menstrual cycles (85.5%). Most of the women were educated, not working, and married. The current study showed that about 26% of the women who had early menopause had a history of passive smoking. Regarding the obstetric history, most of the women were multiparous, and most of them did not use contraceptive pills. The study concluded that the majority of the women who had early menopause had menarche at an early age, had regular cycles, were married, educated, not working, multiparous, and did not use oral contraceptives. Other factors, such as smoking, BMI, and history of pelvic surgery, showed lower percentages.

Assessing the Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, and Stress Levels Among Nurses in Zawia City, Libya

Eman Tarhuni, Aisha Alharari, Sarra Abumaeza, Sawsan Alharari — Sat, 10 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify the impact of stress on nurses and its effect on usage and HbA1c. The samples of our study were obtained from nurses at the Al-Zawiya Educational Centre and the combined clinic (Library Aresai). Blood pressure, weight, and height measures were taken for taking a sample & body mass index (BMI) = weight(kg)/Ht. We observed a working hours nm (7.75 hours/day) for nurses’ tube. We revealed the ties between stress (mean work hours on average within 7.75 hours/day) and average body mass were (28.08). There was a negative relation at Pearson’s correlation (-0.196) and P> 0.22, suggesting no association (B), longer working hours are associated with a lower body mass index.

Diabetes and Cataract Types in Libyan Patients: A Comparative Analysis

Bahjah Esehiyb, Hagar Ahmed, Hawwa Aboubakr, Hebah Jibreel — Sat, 10 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Senile Cataract is still one of the biggest causes of preventable blindness despite technological development in diagnosis and surgical procedures of cataract, and it is influenced by systemic diseases such as DM type 2. The present study aimed to assess the association of demographic characteristics & types of senile cataract among type 2 diabetic Libyan individuals & non-diabetics about diabetes status in Albayda, Libya. This cross-sectional, comparative, hospital-based study was carried out at the ophthalmology department, Albayda Medical Center, Al-Bayda city, Libya, from January 2024 to December 2024. 344 patients were scheduled for cataract surgery, full ocular examination done for all patients including (best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp examination& fundus examination). Data was analyzed using SPSS 20, and was presented as frequencies & percentages. The P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Mixed cataracts were the most common type in both diabetic (79%) and non-diabetic (77.1%) patients; the association between cataract morphology and DR stages was not statistically significant. A significant gender difference was observed, with female predominance among diabetic cataract patients (63.3%, P < 0.05), while age distribution was similar across groups. This study demonstrated that diabetic patients, particularly women, represented a significant prevalence of mixed cataracts regardless of diabetic status. These results underscore the need for earlier eye screening in the Albayda population, particularly for diabetic females, and longitudinal studies to better identify diabetes-associated cataract progression

Antioxidant Activity of Natural Chamomile and Commercial Chamomile in Libya: A Comparative Study

Ashraf Alapid, Mohamed Alshintari, Asma Alforjani, Roa Albosefi, Maism Yahmid — Sat, 10 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a medical plant known for its antioxidant properties, which are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant efficacy of natural chamomile with three commercial brands, A (Italian chamomile (Sonny)), B (Italian chamomile (Restora)), and C (German chamomile (UTZ)) available in Libyan markets. Methanol extracts of all samples were prepared by maceration, and antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, with A p-value < 0.05, which was considered statistically significant. Results revealed significant differences in IC50 values, with natural chamomile exhibiting the highest potency (IC50 = 3.35 mg/ml ± 0.055), followed by Brand A (IC50= 3.56 mg/ml ± 0.04) and Brand C (3.88 mg/ml ± 0.21). Brand B showed the weakest activity (IC50= 5.01 mg/ml ± 0.04). The statistical analysis confirmed the superiority of natural chamomile over commercial variants. Our findings suggest that processing methods, storage conditions, or potential additives in commercial products may degrade bioactive compounds, reducing antioxidant efficacy. This study highlights the advantage of minimally processed natural chamomile for optimal antioxidant benefits, and it underscores the implications for consumer choice and quality control in the manufacturing of herbal products

Acne Association with Some Risk Factors, Including Fast Food and Cosmetics, Among Adolescent Males and Females

Eman Ali — Mon, 12 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acne is a common dermatological condition influenced by various genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Ajelat city, Libya, to assess the association between acne and risk factors such as fast-food consumption, cosmetic usage, and perimenstrual flare. A total of 153 adolescent males and females participated, recruited from schools, colleges, and dermatology clinics. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographic information, family history, self-perception, dietary habits, cosmetic use, and medical opinions. The results showed that acne prevalence was higher among females (67.3%) and those aged 12–18 years (63.4%). A significant proportion (52.9%) had a family history of acne, suggesting a genetic component. Self-perception analysis indicated moderate psychological effects, including lower confidence and self-esteem. Dietary patterns revealed frequent consumption of fast food (58.8%) and sugary foods (58.2%), which may contribute to acne development. Cosmetic usage was relatively low, with 77.1% avoiding loose powder and 83% not using foundation. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test and logistic regression identified significant associations between acne and lifestyle factors. These findings highlight the need for awareness programs promoting healthy dietary habits, skincare routines, and psychological support for individuals affected by acne.

Comparative Study of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Vaccinated versus Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients in Al-Bieda City

Ali Shoaib, Ameena Husayn, Fayrouz Khaled, Majdi Abdulhamid — Mon, 12 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

COVID-19 vaccination has played a crucial role in reducing the severity and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, questions remain regarding its systemic effects, particularly on hematological and biochemical parameters. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of COVID-19 vaccination on complete blood count (CBC) and selected plasma biochemical markers in patients by comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. A comparative analysis was conducted between vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Hematological parameters assessed included red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet count (PLT). Biochemical markers analyzed included plasma urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The results showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in any of the CBC or plasma biochemistry parameters between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. RBC count, Hb levels, HCT, and indices of red cell morphology (MCV, MCH, MCHC) remained comparable across groups, indicating that vaccination had no adverse effects on erythropoiesis or red cell function. WBC and platelet count also showed no significant changes, with values within physiological ranges. Similarly, urea and creatinine levels were slightly higher in the vaccinated group but not significantly different, suggesting preserved renal function. Liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) did not differ significantly, indicating no hepatic impairment post-vaccination

Determining the Contents of Antioxidants, Total Phenols, Carbohydrate, Total Protein, and Some Elements in Eucalyptus Gomphocephala and Ricinus Communis Plant Samples

Hamad Hasan, Marwa Mohammed, Amal Haroon — Mon, 12 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A comparative chemical study was carried out on two plants (Eucalyptus gomphocephala and Ricinus communis) growing at coastal (Derna city) and Mountain (Al-Bayda city) regions. Leaves and stems of each plant were selected in this study. Some of the chemical constituents (Antioxidant, total phenols, total protein, carbohydrate, minerals, and metals) were estimated. The chemical properties results showed wide variations of the anti –oxidant contents, where high values of (390.90 ppm) were recorded in Eucalyptus gomphocephala growing at Al- Bayda region, On the other side high contents of anti- oxidant of (447.5 ppm) was recorded in leafs of Ricinus communis plant growing in Deran region. Small variations of carbohydrate contents were observed; their contents fluctuated in the range of (0.001 – 0.870 ppm), and the contents of protein ranged between (0.74 – 4.40 ppm). For the mineral contents, the recorded high values of potassium (126 – 447.70 ppm), high values were recorded in leafs comparing with steams of the studied plants, relative high contents of sodium were recorded in coastal regions (44.93 ppm) compared with the Mountain ones (13.85) higher values were recorded in Ricinus communis comparing with Eucalyptus gomphocephala plant. No wide variations were recorded for (iron), (copper), and (Nickel).

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Asthmatic Patients towards Their Disease

Susan Zroog, Fatima Elhag Ahmed, Mayada Abd Algabar, Abdelhakam Ali — Tue, 13 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Asthma remains a significant global health challenge, which often results in life-threatening Complications. Effective management, a proactive mindset, and adequate awareness are essential to prevent the worsening of asthma and its complications. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, consisting of 240 patients who were admitted to Almanagil Teaching Hospital during the period from October to December 2022. The data was gathered through a questionnaire, and then was analyzed using the descriptive statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study included a predominantly female (63%) population, with the majority aged 26–45 years (70.4%). Despite (44.3%) holding university degrees, patients’ knowledge was poor, especially towards understanding of causes, disease mechanisms, and aggravating factors (19.6%, 14.6%, and 14.4%), respectively. Also included low awareness of asthma’s life-threatening potential (12.5%) and incorrect beliefs about discontinuing medication after symptom relief (17.5%). Attitudes of patients toward their disease were weak, only 20.7% recognizing asthma as incurable, 19.3% incorrectly viewing it as non-chronic, and 23.5% believing inhalers cause addiction. There was a statistically significant relation between the patients’ knowledge and educational level and duration of illness, P-value < .05. The findings reveal substantial gaps in asthma knowledge and attitude, despite long-term illness in many participants. There is an urgent need for targeted educational interventions to improve disease understanding, correct attitudes, and enhance treatment adherence.

Median Diastema Among Libyan Young Adults: Prevalence and Etiology

Mahadia Abdalrahman — Mon, 19 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Maxillary midline diastema is a prevalent aesthetic concern in both mixed and permanent dentition. The space may be occasioned by either a transient malocclusion or by developmental, pathological, or iatrogenic factors. The persistence of a diastema, or gap, between the maxillary central incisors in adults is frequently regarded as an aesthetic or malocclusion problem. Midline diastemas can be categorised as physiological, dentoalveolar, or due to a missing tooth, peg-shaped lateral or midline supernumerary teeth, the proclination of the upper labial segment, a prominent frenum, or self-inflicted by tongue piercing. The present study aims to determine the aetiology and prevalence of midline diastema among a sample of Libyan patients, and to ascertain whether it is more prevalent in males or females. The current cross-sectional study, conducted at private dental clinics throughout Sirte City, employed a random sampling method with a sample size of 482 people (135 males and 347 females) to examine the occurrence and aetiology of midline diastema among orthodontic patients in Sirte City. The measurements collected in the present study were collected in situ as part of the examination of the patient. The subject age range was 15 to 37, and the mean age was 26 years. 482 patients were assessed, and the prevalence of upper midline diastema was 10.37% (50) of subjects. Of these, 9.63% (13) were male and 10.67% (37) were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of upper diastema in males and females (p value = 0.720). The most prevalent etiological factors were found to be a highly attached frenum (40%) and generalized spaces (32%). The prevalence of malocclusions was as follows: 10% of patients exhibited flared or rotated incisors, 6% demonstrated supernumerary teeth, and 12% exhibited peg-shaped laterals or congenitally missing laterals.

Assessment of Bariatric Surgery as an Alternative to Anti-Obesity Strategies

Tue, 20 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to assess bariatric obesity surgery as an alternative to anti-obesity strategies. Forty-five bariatric patients were consecutively selected for participation. Information on each patient's demographics, weight, height, and comorbidities was gathered, followed by the use of the Bariatric Quality of Life Questionnaire. 60% of patients reported feeling exhausted prior to the procedure; however, this percentage dramatically decreased to only 33.33% after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, before surgery, 66% of patients had a history of sleep apnea and breathing cessation during sleep, and 46% of patients had a history of snoring. Following the bariatric procedure, these problems were fixed. The psychiatric assessment section indicated that 53.33% of patients experienced depression following gastric surgery. Additionally, 46.66% of patients reported persistent feelings of anger and anxiety. Post-operative concerns included fears of gastric leaks, loss of happiness, diminished passion, remorse after surgery, sleep disorders, and suicidal thoughts, each occurring at varying rates. Only 33.33% of participants had received psychological support. Patients frequently report significant improvements in their health and quality of life after bariatric surgery, which is the most long-lasting and successful treatment option for morbid obesity. However, a significant minority of patients experience psychological complications, including, but not limited to post post-gastric surgery depression, patients always feel angry and have anxiety.

Effect of the Whole-Body Vibration versus Treadmill Training on Liver Function in Obese Adults

Salah Almrbit, Yousra Mohamed, Asma Rajab — Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

There is a lack of awareness of the efficacy of whole-body vibration and treadmill training on liver function in obese adults in Libya. The study aimed to show the difference in the whole-body vibration and treadmill training on liver function in obese adults. Forty obese adults of both genders (21 women and 19 men) were enrolled in this study; they were recruited from the relatives of the patients in Libya. Their age ranged from 35 - 45 years with body mass index (BMI) between 30-34.9 kg/m2 (Class I obesity), the waist/hip ratio less than one, and they were assigned randomly into two equal-sized groups of equal number (A and B). Group (A) includes 20 obese adults who received diet advices (to prevent increasing weight) and treadmill training while group (B) received includes 20 obese adults who received the same diet advices of group (A) and whole-body vibration exercises (vibration frequency was set to 30 Hz then increased gradually to 35 Hz, then the subject took about 20 minutes to fulfill a training session). The participating subjects in this study were assessed by liver enzyme tests and anthropometric measurements. They were evaluated before and after the treatment program, about three sessions per week for eight weeks. The obtained results revealed significant differences in all measured variables before and after treatment in the two groups. Statistically significant difference was also found in post-treatment values of all measured variables when compared between the two groups in favor of group (A). Treadmill training and whole-body vibration exercise can be added to the physical therapy program.

Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Gender and Age Among Peptic Ulcer Patients at Al-Khoms Educational Hospital

Safinaz Aburagaegah, Alhadi Wajiej — Thu, 29 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with gastrointestinal disorders, particularly peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections around the world. They are the most prevalent cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Many studies have been conducted to identify and detect the causes and develop therapeutic drugs that limit their risks to humans. This study was performed to determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and its relation to age and gender in a population of Al-Khoms Educational Hospital, Libya. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Al-Khoms Educational Hospital from November 2024 to May 2025 to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection. A total of one hundred eighty (n=180) participants (112 females and 23 males, aged between 1 and 90 years) were collected from the microbiology unit of the main medical laboratories of the previously mentioned hospital. For the detection of H. pylori, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were utilized. In contrast, the absence of both antibodies (IgG and IgM) resulted in the designation of H. pylori-negative status. Anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM>22 IU/L were classified as H. pylori positive. The analysis was performed by using the statistical package for the social sciences, SPSS version 27. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 75%. H. pylori infection prevalence was higher in females than in men (81.8% vs53.5%, p = 0.0004) The highest prevalence of H. pylori infection is observed in the age groups of 41–50 years age group shows the highest number (42) of positive cases, compared with the other age groups, but a p-value of 0.833 suggests that there is no statistically significant association between age and H. pylori infection status. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high in this study. H. pylori infection seroprevalence was higher in females than males, and middle-aged people are more vulnerable to H. pylori infection. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first seroprevalence assessment of H. pylori infection in a population of Al-Khoms City, Libya.

Prenatal, Natal, and Neonatal Risk Factors Associated with Autism

Fozia Aborayana, Fadila Elghadban, Sarah Alshabani — Wed, 04 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The complex neurodevelopmental illness known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) first manifests in infancy or early childhood. ASD is influenced by both hereditary and non-genetic factors, which can work alone or in combination, leading to the disorder. The study aims to investigate the potential associations of several maternal, prenatal, and neonatal risk factors among autism children attending the National Center for autism diagnosis and Treatment in Tripoli, Libya, from August 2023 to January 2024. A cross-sectional study included 53 mothers of children diagnosed with autism attending the National Center for autism diagnosis and Treatment. The data were obtained using an interview-based questionnaire, which included data related to maternal, prenatal, and neonatal risk factors. Of the 53 autistic children (73.6%) who were male and 26.4% who were female. Maternal age above 20 at delivery was noted in 96.2% of the cases. Fetal distress, fever, and gestational diabetes were the most frequent prenatal risk factors (13.2%, 11.3%, and 9.4%, respectively); multiple deliveries, reported in three women, were the most common natal risk factor; and 32.1% of children had jaundice as a postnatal risk factor. Vitamin D deficiency (22.6%) and a history of obesity (13.2%) were the most frequent maternal comorbidities. In children with autism, there is an increased prevalence of obstetric and postnatal risk factors.

Estimation of Amino Acid Composition, Total Carbohydrate, and Total Protein Content in Ballota pseudodictamnus Plant Extracts from Al Jabal Al Akhdar Region, Libya

Hamad Hasan, Ashour Sulayman, Ahmed Alehrir — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This comparative study was carried out on plant extracts which collected from different regions (Susa and Aldahar Alhmr, Derna) around Aljabal Alkhder area. The contents of amino acids, total protein, and total carbohydrate. The samples were collected during two different seasons (Winter and summer, 2023). The GC –Mass instrument was used to estimate the contents and types of amino acids, while the spectrophotometric method was used to evaluate the total contents of carbohydrates and proteins in the leaves and stems of the studied samples. The results of this study recorded the presence of different amino acids in the studied samples, including: Their names are Leucine, Serine, Glutamine, Phenylalanine, Methionine, Arginine, Valine, Histidine, Isoleucine, and Asparagine. Their contents were small and varied between the leaves and stems. generally, the average values were as follows (0.223, 0.222, 0.811, 0.183, 0.186, 0.224, 0.880, and 0.648 ppm, respectively. On the other side, the contents of carbohydrate fluctuated in the ranges of (20.94 – 20.99 ppm) and (20.53 -20.84 ppm) in leaves and stems, respectively. Also, the results showed that the contents of total protein ranged between (6.21-6.6.80 ppm) and (6.61-7.62 ppm) for the leaves and stems, respectively. The study concluded that there are small variations in the chemical constituents determined in this study between the two selected regions.

Clinical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at the Outpatient Clinic, Tripoli Central Hospital, Libya

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Leishmaniasis is a common health problem worldwide, endemic in almost 90 countries, mostly tropical and subtropical regions in four continents. An increase in the number of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases has been reported over a wide area of the South and West of Tripoli. Since most of the CL cases referred for slit and smear and management if infected, the aim of our study was to determine the clinical aspects of CL, to isolate and identify bacteria responsible for secondary infection in the lesions, and to study the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated organisms to commonly used antibacterial agents. A total of 450 patients with suspected CL attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in Tripoli Medical Center (TMC) and Tripoli Central Hospital (TCH) over a one-year period (June 2003 to June 2004) were examined. In each case, a detailed history and clinical examination were performed according to a protocol prepared for this study. The majority of patients were males (52%) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Children, adolescents, and young adults—especially students and housewives—were the main age groups affected. Most patients were from the northwestern region and coastal area of Libya, and 96.7% of them were Libyans. Furunculoid and nodulo-ulcerating lesions (36.4% and 33.6%, respectively) were the main clinical types of CL reported, and most of the patients had either one or two lesions on exposed parts of the body. Samples from CL lesions for bacteriological examination were taken from 246 cases, and a positive culture was obtained in 37.4% of cases. Among the bacterial infections found, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was the most frequent isolate (62%) among children in the 0–10 years age group and young adults in the 21–30 years age group, while Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) was isolated less frequently (20.7%) in the 11–30 years age group. This study revealed that CL in Libya is endemic in certain areas and has a seasonal pattern, and S. aureus was the main isolate from CL lesions.

Surgical Management of Malignant Parotid Tumors: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Outcomes, and Functional Preservation

Ayad Alkhalifi, Nagia Bengharbia, Areej Alkhalifi, Anes Elkhlefi — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Malignant tumors of the parotid gland pose notable management hurdles due to their histological variety and inconsistent clinical presentations. This systematic review assesses modern surgical techniques and their effects on oncological and functional results. An extensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (2010–2023) was performed, concentrating on studies that reported surgical methods, survival statistics, and postoperative complications. After screening 2317 records, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The selected articles were rigorously evaluated for bias and relevance. Total parotidectomy remains the foundational approach for high-grade and advanced-stage tumors, assuring oncologic control. Nevertheless, superficial parotidectomy is becoming increasingly preferred for low-grade, localized tumors, optimizing the balance between tumor removal and function preservation. New techniques, including minimally invasive and nerve-sparing methods, show decreased morbidity, particularly regarding facial nerve function and aesthetic outcomes. Intraoperative imaging and neuromonitoring enhance accuracy, lowering the incidence of positive margin rates. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly utilized for patients with high-risk characteristics, leading to better locoregional control. Managing parotid malignancies necessitates a customized strategy, incorporating innovative techniques to balance oncological effectiveness with quality of life. Future studies should aim to standardize protocols and investigate long-term functional outcomes.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Children with Dyspeptic Patients

Ahmed Albeshte, Sara Mohamed, Abdurrazag Nami — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children is common in developing countries. There is no data available regarding H. pylori infection in dyspeptic children and associated risk factors in Libya. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among the dyspeptic children and to correlate risk factors associated with H. pylori infection. A gastric biopsy was collected from (120) dyspeptic children attending the gastroenterology units of Tripoli Children Hospital, and a questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables was completed by interview. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 84%. Age (6 to 10 years), place of residence (rural areas), and family members (5 to 7 members) were the most significant risk factors associated with H. pylori. These findings highlighted the importance of screening children with dyspepsia in urban and rural Libyan regions.

Incidence, Management and Outcome of Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Bleeding in Tobruk, Libya

Asma Eshail, Mashia Bader, Mabruka Mahmoud — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as abnormal volume, duration, or frequency of the menstrual period and is a common symptom in women of all ages (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal). Many new diagnostic modalities are available to clinicians to help the assessment of women presenting with abnormalities in their menstrual pattern. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, etiology, different diagnostic methods, and treatment of perimenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding in order to ensure the health and comfort of the patient. The study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tobruk Medical Center, during the period from 1/1/2022 to 1/1/2023. There was a significant difference between perimenopausal and post-menopausal regarding parity, systemic disease, hormonal use, family history of maternal problems, BMI, U/S, histopathological findings, and medical treatment. There is a significant amount of heterogeneity associated with the definition of premenopausal, compared with post menopause.