Influence of Helicobacter pylori Treatment Protocol on Vitamin B12 Bioavailability in Pediatric Libyan Patients

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common gastrointestinal condition associated with impaired micronutrient absorption, particularly cobalamin (vitamin B12). Vitamin B12 deficiency in children may contribute to hematological and neurological complications. This study aims to evaluate the influence of various H. pylori eradication protocols on the bioavailability of vitamin B12 in pediatric Libyan patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Souq Al Khamis Hospital, Al Khoms City, from October 2023 to March 2024. Thirty children with biopsy-confirmed H. pylori gastritis were enrolled. Patients received standard eradication therapy based on the current treatment protocol. Serum vitamin B12 levels, hematologic indices (hemoglobin, MCV, RDW), and symptom duration were assessed before and after treatment. Statistical analysis evaluated changes in vitamin B12 levels and their correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters. Post-treatment assessment demonstrated a significant increase in serum vitamin B12 levels following H. pylori eradication. A positive correlation was observed between post-treatment vitamin B12 levels and hemoglobin concentration. Conversely, an inverse correlation was found between vitamin B12 levels and both symptom duration and indices of red cell distribution (MCV, RDW). Children with a longer history of symptoms showed a less pronounced response in B12 recovery, suggesting early intervention improves outcomes. Eradication of H. pylori infection leads to significant improvement in vitamin B12 bioavailability in pediatric patients. The findings support incorporating H. pylori screening and treatment in the diagnostic workup of pediatric patients presenting with unexplained anemia or suspected micronutrient deficiencies