Histological Changes in Dental Enamel During the Development of Permanent Teeth

Abstract

Background and Objective. Dental health is a significant concern, with the enamel layer of teeth being affected by environmental and nutritional factors. Factors such as erosion, poor mineralization, and erosion can compromise the enamel's strength and functionality. To prevent early deterioration of oral and dental health, it is crucial to investigate the factors influencing enamel structure and histological changes. Methods. We used advanced histological techniques examined three primary tooth types: incisors, canines, and molars. Results. The findings showed that molars have a higher enamel thickness (HV 400-600, p<0.01) than incisors (HV 250-300, p<0.01), suggesting they need a thicker enamel layer to withstand chewing forces. The study also found that enamel in its early embryonic phases had a lower mineralization density (20%, p<0.01), but increased with growth, reaching 90% in molars and 87% in incisors. The study also found variations in enamel columns' structure between teeth, with incisors and canines having more regular and thicker enamel column. In conclusion, environmental factors, such as fluoride imbalances, can cause anomalies in enamel histology, leading to abnormal calcifications and lower enamel density. Awareness programs targeting parents and the community about balancing minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, in children's diets during tooth development are recommended.